Background: Gastric cancer (GC) incidence varies markedly across Colombia. Host genetic polymorphisms in cytokine genes modulate the inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori and may influence disease progression.

Objective: To evaluate IL-1B-511, IL-10-1082 and TNF-A-308 polymorphisms and their association with gastric precursor lesions in Colombian populations with contrasting GC risk.

Methods: We studied 160 dyspeptic patients from Túquerres (high risk) and 105 from Tumaco (low risk). Gastric lesions were classified using the Sydney system. Cytokine polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. Associations were assessed using logistic regression.

Results: The IL-1B-511TT and IL-10-1082AA genotypes were significantly more frequent in Túquerres than in Tumaco (p < 0.05). Individuals carrying the IL-10-1082AG genotype had a significantly higher risk of gastric atrophy (odds ratio = 5.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–30.59).

Conclusion: IL-10-1082AG is associated with increased risk of gastric atrophy in high-risk Colombian populations, supporting its potential role as a biomarker of GC susceptibility.