Background: The rising cancer burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been accompanied by an increase in clinical trials. However, there is a paucity of research from LMICs on patient preferences for trial participation.

Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional qualitative study using in-depth interviewing to explore the views of Indian cancer patients (n = 11), caregivers(n = 10) and public (n = 10), regarding clinical trials. Clinical researchers (n = 10) were also interviewed. Data were analysed using the framework of qualitative content analysis.

Results: Five themes were identified regarding clinical trials: a) Perception: Only a minority had a prior understanding; when explained, most were willing to be randomised and attend additional monitoring visits. b) Recruitment: Consensus that trial discussions should be with the patient, with caregivers and family included where appropriate, variability in when a patient should be first approached. c) Patient information: Need for both written and audio-visual information material using simple local language. d) Benefits/adverse effects: Discussion of all pros and cons, including the possibility of dying was preferred. There were divided views regarding disclosure of all versus common risks. Challenges in understanding quantitative risks/benefits were voiced. e) Consent: Honesty and transparency, imbalance of power/trust between trialists and participants and financial vulnerability of patients were voiced by participants.

Conclusion: Cancer clinical trials in LMICs can be enriched by patient and public involvement during planning research and conduct of the clinical trial. The financial vulnerability of patients and the power imbalance between them and researchers need to be addressed, especially in international multiregional clinical trials.