Cincinnati Cancer Center (CCC) researchers have discovered that a membrane channel, Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3, or TRPM3, promotes growth of kidney cancer tumours, and targeting this channel therapeutically could lead to more treatments for a disease that currently has few treatment options.

A membrane channel is a family of proteins that allows the movement of ions, water or other solutions to pass through the membrane.

The findings have been published in the Nov. 10, 2014, edition of Cancer Cell.

"Metastatic clear cell kidney cancer is largely incurable, and existing treatments for the disease are only minimally effective," says Maria Czyzyk-Krzeska, MD, PhD, senior author of the study, member of the CCC and the University of Cincinnati (UC) Cancer Institute and professor in UC's department of cancer biology.

"Our team found a new target in kidney cancer known as TRPM3. TRPM3 is increased in 60 percent of kidney clear cell carcinomas where it promotes growth of tumours by stimulating intracellular pathways that initiate autophagy—a quality control process in cancer cells that also generates intracellular nutrients.

"During tumour growth, cancer cells become addicted to autophagy as a source of nutrients. Furthermore, autophagy contributes to chemotherapy resistance in kidney cancer. The new target we've identified regulates kidney cancer cell autophagy."

The experiments were conducted using animal models, human cell cultures and tumour specimens.

The researchers analysed expression of the channel, its effect on tumour growth and on autophagy and how regulation of autophagy contributed to tumour growth.

"Our discovery of a TRPM3 stimulated network in the regulation of autophagy and kidney cancer growth could lead to use of the channel as a new actionable target in renal cancer. There are already FDA-approved TRPM3 inhibitors on the market, so this is quite promising," Czyzyk-Krezeska says.

Source: University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center