A new three-dimensional imaging technique has been developed that greatly improves the visibility of brain tumours in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

The technique, invented by a scientist at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, will potentially enable earlier diagnosis of tumours when they are smaller and more treatable.

The study will be published Oct. 28 in Science Advances.

In a study of 54 patients with brain tumours, the technique was found to provide a two-fold improvement in the contrast between tumours and normal brain tissue, compared with existing MRI techniques in widespread use.

It greatly improved tumour visibility and ease of detection.

"Our goal is for the new technique -- T1RESS -- to help thousands of patients by allowing malignant tumours to be detected at an earlier, more curable stage," said inventor and lead author Dr. Robert Edelman, a professor of radiology at Northwestern.

The benefit of the new technique is particularly noticeable for very small malignant tumours, which are difficult to see and may be missed with standard imaging techniques.

For patients undergoing treatment by surgery or radiotherapy, it is hoped the improved visibility of the tumour margins on contrast-enhanced scans will ensure the entire tumour is treated and result in better outcomes, Edelman said.

To better understand the mechanism by which T1RESS improves tumour visibility on MRI scans, consider the challenge of trying to see stars during the daytime.

"There just isn't enough contrast between the stars and the sunlit sky to make them visible," Edelman said.

"In the case of brain tumours, T1RESS doubles the contrast between tumours and normal brain, so the tumours are more easily detected. It's like looking at the stars on a dark night instead of on a sunny day."

While the current study focused on imaging brain tumours, the investigators plan to apply the technique to detect cancer in the breast and prostate.

More than 700,000 Americans are living with a brain tumour and nearly 16,000 will die from their tumour this year, according to the American Brain tumour Association.

MRI techniques for cancer imaging have evolved relatively slowly over the past decade.

T1RESS applies the radio waves and magnetic fields used to generate the MRI signal differently from existing cancer imaging techniques.

As a result, T1RESS is able to manipulate the signals from various brain tissues in a unique way so as to produce a very significant improvement in tumour visibility.

The findings of this initial study will need to be confirmed in a larger multi-site trial, Edelman said.

If the benefits are confirmed, it will be straightforward to make the technology widely available on MRI scanners throughout the world, Edelman noted.

This is because the technology only involves installation of a specialised software package.

Source: Northwestern University