About one in three breast cancers will develop metastases, which means that the disease will spread to other organs and parts of the body.

This advanced form of the disease, responsible for 90 percent of breast cancer deaths, is more difficult to treat and remains incurable.

Like a navigation device tracing the route to be followed, an ambitious research programme by BIG baptised AURORA, aims to map the path taken by cancer cells by analysing their abnormalities in a wide range of genes and at different timepoints during the evolution of the disease.

If we can anticipate the paths taken, we will be able to block (with highly targeted drugs) and therefore slow down the metastatic process.

If we know how to block the progression of cancer cells, we will be able to delay the process and possibly stop it completely. 

AURORA: better understanding of metastatic breast cancer

The AURORA research programme aims to better understand the molecular characteristics and evolution of recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, in the hope of treating more effectively, and possibly blocking the disease in the future.

The initial results of AURORA were announced at the ESMO Breast Cancer Congress held on 2-4 May 2019 in Berlin, Germany, by Dr Philippe Aftimos, Co-Principal Investigator of the programme and Clinical Trials Development Leader at the Jules Bordet Institute in Brussels, Belgium.

He presented the results for the first 381 patients included out of a planned total of 1,000.

The researchers have identified molecular alterations present in excess in metastases that may be correlated with the spread of cancer and increased resistance to standard treatments.

In addition, the researchers estimate that in almost 50 percent of cases the genomic alterations identified could provide treating oncologists with additional information useful for patients (for example: patients could be considered for clinical trials testing new drugs targeting specific molecular alterations).

“Liquid biopsies” (blood samples) were also analysed.

This technique could have an important role in characterising and monitoring the disease, since, in some patients, analysis of tumour DNA fragments present in the blood (circulating tumour DNA) revealed genetic alterations not observed in the biopsy of the tumour lesion.

Analyses of the tumour immune environment are also underway and will be presented at future congresses.

“The various teams taking part in this European research programme are proud to be contributing to the future development of more personalised medicine, while building a biobank and database that will be used to find better treatments,” explained Dr Philippe Aftimos.

"The patients have clearly understood the importance of this research programme. They are enthusiastic about taking part in the study and are contributing generously by providing samples and accepting to be monitored regularly over a ten-year period. Virtually no-one has refused to take part and we are very grateful to all our patients,” said Dr Mafalda Oliveira, Co- Principal Investigator of AURORA and Clinical Investigator at the Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology in Barcelona, Spain.

In practice

First, clinical data and blood and tumour tissue samples are collected from all patients participating in the AURORA programme.

These samples gathered by different hospitals in various countries, are sent systematically and as soon as they are collected to a single central laboratory.

It is here that their genetic information (DNA) is screened using the latest sequencing techniques.

Researchers will be focusing on 411 specific genes in order to detect possible alterations.

A multidisciplinary group of experts in breast cancer and genetics are interpreting the results with the aim of identifying genetic abnormalities present in the samples that could have contributed to the progression from primary tumour to metastatic cancer.

Another unique aspect of the AURORA programme is that genetic analyses are performed both on samples taken when the breast cancer is first diagnosed (primary tumour) and on metastasis samples taken following recurrence of the disease.

In addition, blood samples are collected from patients every six months for up to ten years.

This will allow researchers to effectively monitor the evolution of the disease and identify any changes in cancer cells.

A wealth of data

This research programme will last ten years, during which time AURORA will accumulate some 30,000 blood and tumour samples and generate thousands of clinical and genetic data to improve our understanding of metastatic breast cancer.

All genetic analyses will be carried out in the same laboratory throughout the study, ensuring consistency of analysis and avoiding differences in interpretation.

An IT platform has been created for AURORA, allowing the doctors and researchers involved to not only record clinical data about their patients but also consult the genetic analysis reports sent by the central laboratory in real time.

This complex logistical system was set up in collaboration with the members of the BIG network.

The researchers hope their findings will pave the way for new clinical studies in order to develop more targeted and appropriate treatments for people with metastatic breast cancer, essential for giving hope to the thousands of women and men affected by the disease.

Source: BIG against breast cancer

Image credit: BIG against breast cancer