An increasing number of new anti-cancer drugs are made available each year.

During the authorisation process, such new drugs usually undergo comparisons to one, but only rarely to multiple established drugs.

This practice leads to a lack of comparisons between therapies and makes it increasingly difficult for physicians to choose the best treatment for their patients.

To address this, researchers have conducted an extensive comparison of all drugs used in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours.

Their study, published in JAMA Oncology, aims to guide physicians through all available treatment options.

Neuroendocrine tumours can develop anywhere in the body from hormone-producing cells.

Their prevalence is increasing and new therapies are regularly beefing up therapeutic options.

"The growing number of new therapies constitutes a great opportunity, obviously. However, the fact that few comparative studies are carried out between these different drugs creates a dilemma for doctors when it comes to finding the best option for each patient," said Martin A. Walter, Professor at the UNIGE Faculty of Medicine and Head of the Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Division at the HUG, who initiated and coordinated this study. "Indeed, it is actually sufficient to establish the superiority of a new molecule over a single established drug, or even over a placebo, to obtain approval from the regulatory authorities and enter the market."

"In such a situation, a network meta-analysis can be a valuable tool to generate indirect comparisons for therapies that have not yet been directly compared. They also make it possible to use all existing data to identify the most effective treatments," added Dr Reto Kaderli, Head of the Endocrine Surgery Department at Bern University Hospital and first author of the study.

Independent research is less taken into account

Swiss researchers collaborated with Cochrane, a global organisation that aims to facilitate clinical decision-making through systematic reviews of health interventions, and with researchers at McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, where some of the key methodologies for the analysis of evidence-based medicine have been developed.

"One of the most striking results of our study is the high, and often underestimated, efficacy of combination therapies. And equally striking was that these combination therapies were underrepresented in international guidelines," said Dr Kaderli.

Indeed, studies combining drugs produced by different pharmaceutical companies are mainly conducted by independent researchers.

Their results are less taken into account in treatment guidelines than studies conducted by the pharmaceutical industry.

Success of nuclear medicine

"As a specialist in nuclear medicine, however, I am delighted with the promising results of our radioactive therapeutics,"  Professor Walter stated.

"Such a step still needs to be taken for surgical options, for which randomised controlled trials in combination with other therapies are still lacking. Our work thus marks an important step in the search for the best therapeutic option for patients with neuroendocrine tumours, and highlights the need for independent evidence-based medicine," the authors concluded.

Source: Université de Genève